Human nature vs. Human condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human instinct versus Human condition - Essay Example In any case, it should be noted here that everything that identifies with us is inbuilt. A few highlights that development our character are relying upon our past as opposed to having a logical foundation. Things that development the human condition are relationships, passings, fear based oppression, physical exercises like games and so forth which are not relevant to any logical thinking should be concentrated in an all the more humanly way. Considering people and the remainder of nature has concentrated on shared organic properties and ecological perspectives. (Levin, 9) The motivation behind why individuals befuddle these altogether different parts of human sciences is that these branches in spite of being very unique offer certain highlights which are very comparative with regards to human turn of events and development. It should be segregated here the contrast between those highlights that represent the human method of living as we take it to be and the sensible case that it ha s taken birthplace from the human nature.at times it is anything but difficult to separate. For example, cooking is a piece of one's regular action and in spite of the fact that it is so basic to us people we can in any case not consider to be a piece of our temperament in spite of the fact that it has a past yet at the same time the utensils, material and so on required to deliver food isn't inborn yet a creation. In like manner sports isn't something we were normally intrigued by or has a developmental history yet it is all the more a prerequisite of one's predominant conditions and wants. In any case, the issue emerges with certain issue that is very fascinating for even specialists on account of their commanding organic nature. The logician I might want to specify here are Thomas Hobbes and Plato who both in their unmistakable way have added to spread this hypothesis. In spite of the fact that The relational structures of humankind, the beginning of social request can't be passe d on from a philosophical point of view (Klein and Sitling, 191) In Hobbes book Leviathan he gives an extremely nitty gritty investigation about the human condition. In this book he tells that our inner wants, thought processes and conduct are all a direct result of the natural procedures that are occurring inside us. The decision among great and awful, good and bad is only the decision of the individual and his/her own inclinations. At the point when one isn't limited by society and is just liable to him then the goal of living blurs. In a characteristic environment one doesn't have to maintain equity or foul play yet can pick what he likes and disregard what isn't a piece of his cognizant decision o0r sick for his reality. Evidently the image Thomas Hobbes attempted to draw was genuinely unclear with no common sense in itself. He accepted that the people didn't require good or moral qualities to endure. There was no space for equity, decency, trust, uniformity and so forth which a re such temperances without which a general public can never flourish. For example if the individuals comprising a general public have just wants of fundamental necessities like food and so on then the one in force and predominance based on his position would mistreat the one underneath denying the abused one of his essential necessities. The purpose for such portrayal was not to depict a terrifying kind of a delineation however was intentionally founded on the morals of society. For example if today we are bound to ethical quality, worth and standards it is only in light of the fact that we have an awareness of other's expectations and certain imbued regard for others which we have gained from our environmental factors. On the off chance that these qualities evaporate and people are not obligated to other people, at that point a situation will be made that would be liberated from equity with slaughter and unfairness all over. Moreover a situation would be made that w

Analysis of Local Government Finances in Multan District

Examination of Local Government Finances in Multan District Theoretical Open money manages the budgetary administration of open elements. This paper gives a review of the budgetary undertakings of neighborhood administration of area Multan and distinguishes issues looked by the frameworks to convey productively and successfully. It likewise features regions or improvement and chances to subsidize these exercises. The area government intensely depends on the common awards and has extremely constrained self produced income. In spite of the fact that it is mindful to oversee different foundations of social administrations and do formative exercises in the locale, its dependence on commonplace awards put forth its attempt less powerful. TMA then again have huge income age and utilize this to further their potential benefit and work with self-sufficiency. Anyway they despite everything depend on common awards for any formative exercises. The stale business procedure and obstacles in the legitimate structure likewise contribute essentially towards the in produ ctivity of the frameworks. There are arrangements that can help pivot the circumstance however it needs a genuine exertion on part the common and nearby government. Mechanization and lawful changes could cover a ton of issues. They would expand effectiveness as well as would help abridge defilement at different levels. Anyway solid political could change the scene by and large. An extensive procedure was embraced in gathering optional information through authentic reports, layout and gatherings with authorities. Region Multan was picked because of its significance exceptionally in the current political arrangement and dependent on accommodation. Presentation In spite of some humble accomplishments, the financial and social advancement in Pakistan has been a long way from palatable during the last over five many years of freedom. Normal yearly development pace of 6.8, 4.8, 6.5 and 4.6% (Government of Pakistan, 2003) individually in the times of 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s isn't tantamount with the quick monetary advancement made by South Korea, Malaysia, China and numerous different nations which were at first at about a similar degree of financial turn of events (or even underneath) as that of Pakistan. The exhibition on social pointers has been gloomier. Regardless of normal figures for financial development, numerous nations like Vietnam and Cuba have had the option to destroy lack of education and have accomplished wellbeing insights similar with created nations (Zaidi, 2000). Pakistan despite everything positions at the last part of social improvement positioning. Pakistan is additionally a signatory to the Millennium Declaration, a milestone occasion indicating duty of political, corporate and common society administration to dispense with outrageous appetite and destitution and to improve training, wellbeing, sexual orientation and condition circumstance through worldwide associations for advancement. An investigation of the advancement accomplished on accomplishing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) shows that the exhibition of Pakistan has not been important in the time of 90s. There has been a progressive assembly of assessment among all partners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" government, common society just as universal advancement accomplices à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that the disappointment in social segments is an immediate result of the emergency of administration and full scale monetary irregular characteristics. Further, there is a wide accord that administration can't be improved without an important devolution of power to utilitarian levels an d without guaranteeing people groups cooperation in dynamic procedures at all levels. This partner agreement gave the essential driving force to the current government to present its devolution changes imagined in 2000 and propelled all the while in all territories of Pakistan through presentation of Local Government Ordinances in 2001. Until the declaration of Local Government Ordinances, the chosen nearby government levels had a shaky presence relying on the desire of the common governments. Commonly these future broke down and un-chose directors selected. Working under the ambit of Local government Ordinances of 1979, there were urban and country neighborhood chambers. While urban neighborhood chambers comprised of Metropolitan/Municipal Corporations and Municipal/Town boards of trustees, the provincial committees were called District Councils and Union Councils. Generally the nearby committees in Pakistan have performed metropolitan capacities like water gracefully, sanitation, strong waste administration, putting out fires, upkeep of butcher houses, advancement of dairy cattle markets, fairs and presentations and road lighting. They additionally had changing jobs in essential and preventive human services, maternal and kid wellbeing, advancement of education and provincial framework improvement. Devolution changes in Pakistan, presented by the proclamation of Local Government Ordinances of 2001 have given a 3-level nearby government framework comprising of District Government (DG), Tehsil/Town Municipal Administration (TMA) and Union Administrations (UA). Working under the course and control of chose boards and Nazims, the current nearby government framework endeavors to make establishments and components for open support in structure, the board, observing and control of social help conveyance. A significant number of the capacities recently performed by the neighborhood workplaces of commonplace government offices currently unmistakably fall inside the area of DGs. These changes are expected to build nearby governments duty regarding proficient and viable social and metropolitan administrations conveyance. Metropolitan capacities with a more extensive degree are being completed by Town Municipal Administrations and City District Governments (built up at first in common home office however along these lines in chosen large urban communities also). Access to sufficient assets for the nearby governments is currently viewed as basic. Extra financial space is required for improved allotments for the social part just as framework advancement. These assets are additionally required to meet the social shortfalls that have gathered over the past because of deficient financing combined with low use in social segments. Devolution changes, as initially considered and enunciated, visualized enormous scope monetary decentralization to follow the authoritative and political decentralization. While a monetary relationship has been manufactured between the area and the areas, a broad redesign of assets has not occurred and the vertical budgetary lopsidedness remains set up with the major money related assortments being made at the government (and to a lesser degree at the common) level. Then again, the administration arrangement has fallen at the DG level where the assessment base and assortment potential is the most reduced. Politeness: Decentralization Support Program, Role Book: 4-day workshop for chose nearby leadershipResultantly, the greatest test confronting the neighborhood committees in Pakistan (which are progressively enabled today and have a more extensive extent of capacities than at any other time) is to guarantee steady, solid and secure systems of moves from common governments and to grow own source incomes so as to offer productive and powerful assistance conveyance as conceived in devolution changes. Open Financeã‚â is that piece of money which floats around the focal inquiry of assignment of assets exposed to the spending requirement of the legislature or open substances. It is that part of financial matters which recognizes and evaluates the methods and impacts of the arrangements of the administration. Open part account attempts to analyze the impacts and results of various kinds of tax assessment and consumptions on the financial operators (people, establishments, associations, and so forth.) of the general public and eventually on the whole economy. Open fund likewise investigates the adequacy of the strategies focused on specific targets and therefore to the advancement of systems and methods for expanding the viability of the approach (Economy Watch, 2010). Writing Review A great part of the utilitarian independence of the neighborhood governments relies on their capacity to raise the necessary assets from their own sources and to get the equalization from the commonplace/national government through predictable and guaranteed instruments. This requires not just formulating institutional instruments for equation and rules based financial exchanges yet additionally investigating income possibilities of neighborhood own source incomes. These own source incomes can be as duties and expenses for administrations gave. It is very amazing that in spite of the centrality of this, not many neighborhood contemplates have been completed to look at the asset capability of the nearby bodies in Pakistan. Neediness Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) of Pakistan, figured after impressive discussion and contribution from every single significant partner, concedes that the nearby governments rely fundamentally on financial exchanges from commonplace governments and perceives the requirement for neighborhood income assembly as a significant action for the manageability of nearby government framework. Variables saturated with political economy and world class structures have affected neighborhood income age choices. Howe and Reeb (1997) leading an overview of the neighborhood charge framework in USA since the frontier times have discovered that financial and political contemplations have impacted the expense frameworks. Winged animal (2000) gives the attractive attributes of a nearby assessment. In the first place, the duty base ought to be moderately stationary so nearby governments can shift the rates without losing a huge segment of the base. Second, the expense yield ought to be sufficient to meet the neighborhood needs, increment additional time as use increments, and be moderately steady and unsurprising. Third, the assessment ought to be one that isn't anything but difficult to fare to non occupants. Fourth, the expense base ought to be noticeable to guarantee responsibility. Fifth, the citizens ought to see the expense to be sensibly reasonable. 6th, the expense ought to be sensibly simple to direct. As indicated by Bird (1999), universal experience

SIPA Facultys New Book is Out COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Facultys New Book is Out COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Dr. Stephen Sestanovich, a professor of international diplomacy and a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and the United States ambassador-at-large for the former Soviet Union from 1992 to 2001, has a new book out.   He joined SIPAs faculty in the fall of 2001 as the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Diplomacy.   Professor Sestanovich is also the director of the  International Fellows Program.   He currently teaches the “US Role in World Affairs” course at SIPA. Professor Sestanovichs new book, Maximalist: America in the World from Truman to Obama looks at sweep of U.S. foreign policy since 1940s.   It upends the accepted notions of widely known events and shows how personalities can play as important a role as events in creating policies. Sestanovich argues that, “there is much to learn from the history of American foreign policy, but that we can’t learn it from the sepia-tinted versions of the past that have dominated public discussion in recent years.” SIPA will host an event in recognition of Professor Sestanovich and Maximalist on March 26 at 6 p.m. in the International Affairs Building. Read more about Maximalist at knopfdoubleday.com For Stephen Sestanovich’s complete biography, click here.

Electron Configuration Chart

The electron configuration  of an atom of any element is the of electrons per  sublevel of the energy levels of an atom in its ground state.  This handy chart compiles the electron configurations of the elements up through number 104. How to Determine Electron Configuration To arrive at the electron configurations of atoms, you must know the order in which the different sublevels are filled. Electrons enter available sublevels in order of their increasing energy. A sublevel is filled or half-filled before the next sublevel is entered. For example, the  s  sublevel can only hold two electrons, so the 1s  is filled at helium (1s2). The  p  sublevel can hold six electrons, the  d  sublevel can hold 10 electrons, and the  f  sublevel can hold 14 electrons. The common shorthand notation is to refer to the noble gas core, rather than write out the entire configuration. For example, the configuration of magnesium could be written [Ne]3s2, rather than writing out 1s22s22p63s2. Electron Configuration Chart No. Element K L M N O P Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 s s p s p d s p d f s p d f s p d f s 1 H 1 2 He 2 3 Li 2 1 4 Be 2 2 5 B 2 2 1 6 C 2 2 2 7 N 2 2 3 8 O 2 2 4 9 F 2 2 5 10 Ne 2 2 6 11 Na 2 2 6 1 12 Mg 2 2 6 2 13 Al 2 2 6 2 1 14 Si 2 2 6 2 2 15 P 2 2 6 2 3 16 S 2 2 6 2 4 17 Cl 2 2 6 2 5 18 Ar 2 2 6 2 6 19 K 2 2 6 2 6 - 1 20 Ca 2 2 6 2 6 - 2 21 Sc 2 2 6 2 6 1 2 22 Ti 2 2 6 2 6 2 2 23 V 2 2 6 2 6 3 2 24 Cr 2 2 6 2 6 5* 1 25 Mn 2 2 6 2 6 5 2 26 Fe 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 27 Co 2 2 6 2 6 7 2 28 Ni 2 2 6 2 6 8 2 29 Cu 2 2 6 2 6 10 1* 30 Zn 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 31 Ga 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 1 32 Ge 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 2 33 As 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 3 34 Se 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 4 35 Br 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 5 36 Kr 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 37 Rb 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 - 1 38 Sr 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 - 2 39 Y 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 1 2 40 Zr 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 2 2 41 Nb 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 4* 1 42 Mo 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 5 1 43 Tc 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 6 1 44 Ru 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 7 1 45 Rh 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 8 1 46 Pd 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 0* 47 Ag 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 1 48 Cd 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 49 In 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 1 50 Sn 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 2 51 Sb 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 3 52 Te 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 4 53 I 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 5 54 Xe 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 6 55 Cs 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 6 - - 1 56 Ba 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 6 - - 2 57 La 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 - 2 6 1 - 2 58 Ce 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2* 2 6 - - 2 59 Pr 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 3 2 6 - - 2 60 Nd 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 4 2 6 - - 2 61 Pm 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 5 2 6 - - 2 62 Sm 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 6 2 6 - - 2 63 Eu 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 7 2 6 - - 2 64 Gd 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 7 2 6 1 - 2 65 Tb 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 9* 2 6 - - 2 66 Dy 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 10 2 6 - - 2 67 Ho 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 11 2 6 - - 2 68 Er 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 12 2 6 - - 2 69 Tm 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 13 2 6 - - 2 70 Yb 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 - - 2 71 Lu 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 1 - 2 72 Hf 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 2 - 2 73 Ta 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 3 - 2 74 W 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 4 - 2 75 Re 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 5 - 2 76 Os 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 6 - 2 77 Ir 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 7 - 2 78 Pt 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 9 - 1 79 Au 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 1 80 Hg 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 81 Tl 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 1 - - 82 Pb 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 2 - - 83 Bi 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 3 - - 84 Po 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 4 - - 85 At 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 5 - - 86 Rn 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 6 - - 87 Fr 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 6 - - 1 88 Ra 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 6 - - 2 89 Ac 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 6 1 - 2 90 Th 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 - 2 6 2 - 2 91 Pa 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 2* 2 6 1 - 2 92 U 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 3 2 6 1 - 2 93 Np 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 4 2 6 1 - 2 94 Pu 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 6 2 6 - - 2 95 Am 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 7 2 6 - - 2 96 Cm 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 7 2 6 1 - 2 97 Bk 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 9* 2 6 - - 2 98 Cf 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 10 2 6 - - 2 99 Es 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 11 2 6 - - 2 100 Fm 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 12 2 6 - - 2 101 Md 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 13 2 6 - - 2 102 No 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 14 2 6 - - 2 103 Lr 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 14 2 6 1 - 2 104 Rf 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 14 2 6 10 14 2 6 2 - 2 * note the irregularity You may also view the electron configurations of the elements on a printable periodic table  if desired.

Influence Of Organizational Behavior On Accounting...

Article #2 Abstract. The article reviewed was The Influence of Roles and Organizational Fit on Accounting Professionals’ Perceptions of their Firms’ Ethical Environment. The key of the abstract is to emphasize the influence of organizational behavior on accounting professionals and their ethical behavior (p. 125). Introduction. The authors study reasons of potential discrepancies between leaders and non-leaders of accounting firms. The firm’s ethical norms directly influence the behavior of its members. The researchers state that it is important to identify and understand the factors that affect ethical norms in the organization (p. 125). The firm’s leaders should play a meaningful role in building and supporting the ethical environment. The main objective of research is to analyze motives of perceptions’ inconsistencies in of the ethical setting between the management, partners, and other accounting professionals of the firm. The study is important through its investigations of influential factors of ethical standards on perceptions of accounting firm’s members, and in reducing the gap between partners and non-leaders of the CPA firm. The authors consider two problems of the study: greater ownership interest promotes the decision leadership in the company, and lack of non-leaders participation in modeling the firm ethical environment (p. 126). Literature Review. The authors use a systematic review of literature in the research. The researchers examine the study of VictorShow MoreRelatedRole Of Corporate Ethics On Financial Performance945 Words   |  4 PagesStudy of Financial Professionals and Implications for the Financial Meltdown. The key of the abstract is to demonstrate the influence of corporate ethics on financial performance. The financial meltdown negatively influenced top management mindset regarding professional ethics (p. 15). Introduction. The authors study 2008 collapse of financial system to analyze the link between organizational values, social responsibility, and financial performance. Accounting and legal professionals argue that theRead MoreThe Ethical Framework Of Accounting897 Words   |  4 PagesBusinesses, investors, creditors rely on accounting ethics. The accounting profession requires honesty, consistency with industry standards, and compliance with laws and regulations. The ethics increase the responsibility and integrity of accounting professionals, and public trust. The ethical requirements influence the management behavior and decision-making. The financial scandal of Enron and Arthur Anderson demonstrates the failure of fundamental ethical framework, such as off-balance sheet transactionsRead MoreEssay Business Ethics in Accounting1034 Words   |  5 Pagesinappropriate decision making and judgments by the professionals. 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Organizational cultures facilitate the existence of a common groundRead More Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1361 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper Personal, organizational, and cultural values are the basis of an individuals personal and professional decision-making style. These values are the key ingredients that make up our core beliefs. Values are ideas that are actions which could be right or wrong, good or bad that are the basis of human action (Tosi 2000). Personal values might also be called morality, since they reflect general expectations of any person in any society, acting in any capacity

Adolf Hitler As Modern History s Ultimate Monster

When referring to Adolf Hitler, one’s mind undoubtedly ventures to his leadership of the Nazi Party during World War II and his execution of the Holocaust against Europe’s Jewish population. He is, without doubt, one of the most powerful and evil leaders of the twentieth century. Through investigating his background, his rise to power, the details of his political party, and the events for which he was responsible, one is able to conclude that Adolf Hitler can be viewed as modern history’s ultimate monster. A crucial element to fully understanding Adolf Hitler is to understand his early life through examining his family, education, and aspirations. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, which happened to be Easter Sunday. He was born in Braunau, a small town in Austria along the Inn River, a border that divided the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German Empire. As a child, Hitler faced a turbulent home life, much of which can be contributed to the behaviors of his father. Alois Hitler, Adolf’s father, was a womanizer who had a long history of sexual relations and illegitimate children. Born illegitimately himself, by the time Alois met Karla Pà ¶lzl, the mother of Adolf Hitler, he already had three illegitimate children and several sexual partners, including two wives. Alois Hitler was not only a womanizer, but he was also incredibly violent. Adolf’s older brother, Alois Jr., fled his household when he was fourteen as a result of the violence of his father. According toShow MoreRelatedThe Nazi Regime Of The Weimar Republic And The Creation Of A Terror State2236 Words   |  9 PagesOn 30th January 1933, through ruthless determination, Adolf Hitler became Germany s 24th Chancellor, bringing the totalitarian Nazi party into power and creating a fascist Nazi State. Ultimately this led to the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the creation of a terror state, in which the German society was forced to conform to the regime due to the excessive use of violence, fear, and intimidation. The Nazi regime created various economic benefits, which served to disguise the detrimental effectsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M

Future Generation Computer Systems †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Future Generation Computer Systems. Answer: Introduction: The researchers evaluated the kind of security risks for computers and the factors that determine the probability that the computer security could be compromised; the authors aimed at understanding the factors that determine the probability that a computer node within the network is compromised (1). The authors, being professionals in various institutions of higher learning and research, undertake a a primary research approach using a case study to identify and validate different types of threats in a typical university IT network (2). The researchers established that the probability a computer node within a network is comprised is largely dependent on the set of reachable services that are running on the host (computer). The authors found that several attacks take advantage of specific network services vulnerabilities to bypass authentication requirements and gain access to the system. Further, it was established that some malware can scan for services autonomously to identify possi ble targets or open ports actively after infecting a network. (3). The proposed novel approach to identify and then quantify individual computers susceptibility to cyber threats with respect to the network services being run on these computers can help organizations map their threats and manage risks (4). The main drawback of the research is that by being a case study, it cannot be easily replicated and so the findings may not be universally applicable (5) The research reviews and classifies the security threats for information systems, premised on the fact that as more organizations use data and information in information systems, there are significant threats to these systems (1). The authors are eminent professionals in their various ICT fields, including software engineering, network engineering, and security and are senior members of faculty in various institutions of higher learning (2). Using analytical methods; the authors sought to develop a new model of classifying identified security threats broadly into internal and external threats. The classification is based on the threat sources and their impacts (3). The authors develop a new model that classifies most information security system threats as either internal or external, which can be human, environmental, and technological threats. The threats can either be malicious or non-malicious (4). The drawback is that it reviews existing literature, despite developing a new model and does not provide effective solutions (5) In this paper, the authors take cognizance of the increased use of cloud computing; being a relatively new technology, it has some inherent risks that the authors investigate (1). The authors are professionals that are highly regarded in their various ICT fields, and are senior lecturers of higher education institutions (2). Using a descriptive analysis based on information systems and software engineering design, the paper identifies and evaluates some of the security threats in cloud computing environments and proposes solutions (3). The paper proposes the use of a trusted third party to assure security within the cloud environment, employing a public key infrastructure, as well as LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) and SSO (SINGLE Sign On) (4). The limitations of the study is that it is analytical and descriptive, and does not use primary or experimental methods to evaluate cloud security risks before developing solutions The use of mobile devices and networks is increasing, especially with the envisaged introduction of 5G networks, however there will be increased network security threats (1). The authors are well regarded and highly published and referenced professionals in their respective ICT fields, as well as contributors to ICT research and training (2). Using a comprehensive literature and research survey or recent works, the authors evaluate mobile SDN networks and their network security threats (3). The authors establish promising aspects that will ensure networks are better secured, using SDN in mobile networks, such as network hardening. Various SDN architectures are discussed (4). The research is exhaustive, but reviews past research rather than undertaking new progressive (primary) research The research focuses on the cloud and its security challenges and their solutions, considering the increased trend of more people using cloud platforms for computing (1). The authors are well regarded professionals with great expertise and understanding of their fields, including cloud security; they are also extensively published (2). Using an in depth literature survey, the authors evaluate some of the challenges of cloud platforms security (3). The authors establish that migrating ICT resources to third parties create and multiply security threats such as data loss and unauthorized access with proposed solutions being stronger authentication management, multiple cloud backups, and strong access APIs (4). The research limitation is in using surveys is that the authors are mainly re-writing research that has been done and not undertaking any new ground-breaking research. References: Gil, S., Kott, A., Barabsi, A.-L. (May 16, 2015). A genetic epidemiology approach to cyber-security. Scientific Reports, 4, 1.) Jouini, M., Rabai, L. B. A., Aissa, A. B. (January 01, 2014). Classification of Security Threats in Information Systems. Procedia Computer Science, 32, 489-496. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (March 01, 2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues. Future Generation Computer Systems, 28, 3, 583-592. Ali, S. T., Sivaraman, V., Radford, A., Jha, S. (January 01, 2015). A Survey of Securing Networks Using Software Defined Networking. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 64, 3, 1086-1097. Chen, M., Qian, Y., Mao, S., Tang, W., Yang, X. (October 01, 2016). Software-Defined Mobile Networks Security. Mobile Networks and Applications, 21, 5, 729-743.